Nnacute flaccid paralysis pdf

With the development of this pathology, muscles lose reflex, as well as arbitrary innervation. Jul 01, 2017 surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis afp is a fundamental cornerstone of the gpei. Causes of acute flaccid paralysis afp1 worldwide note. Acute flaccid paralysis afp is a lower motor neuron lesion. Using acute flaccid paralysis surveillance as a platform for. Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance systems for expansion to other diseases, 20032004 since the 1988 world health assembly resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis, the number of countries where polio is endemic has decreased from 125 in 1988 to six at the end of 2003 1. Evaluating the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in. Acute flaccid paralysis associated with novel enterovirus. Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease caused by poliovirus. Acute west nile infection and campylobacter have also been associated with afp. The term flaccid indicates the absence of spasticity. An increase in reports of acute flaccid paralysis afp in the united. Mr imaging findings and clinical correlates chengyu chen, yingchao chang, chaoching huang, chunchung lui, kwowei lee, and songchei huang background and purpose. Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with enterovirus 71 infection.

Any child less than 15 years old with acute onset of flaccid paralysis in one or more limbs or acute onset of bulbar paralysis. It can affect any age, but primarily involves children aged less than 5 years and causes paralysis in one out of every 200 to infected individuals 1, 2. A national task force has been established and investigations are ongoing. Flaccid paralysis an overview sciencedirect topics. Gbs is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in healthy infants and children. Ruling out poliovirus in cases of acute flaccid paralysis medscape aug 04, 2014. Flaccid paralysis can be treated using medicine, like antibiotics, if the cause is a bacterial infection.

Acute flaccid paralysis afp is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset of weakness, including less frequently weakness of the muscles of respiration and swallowing, progressing to maximum severity within several days to weeks. Pdf approach to a child with acute flaccid paralysis. Case definition for acute flaccid paralysis acute onset of focal weakness or paralysis characterized as flaccid reduced tone without other obvious cause e. Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its role in poliomyelitis surveillance, epidemiologic r we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Loss or impairment of motor function in a part due to a lesion of the neural or muscular mechanism. It is defined as a sudden onset of paralysis or weakness in any part of the body of a child less than 15 years of age. Acute flaccid paralysis definition of acute flaccid.

Nationwide afp acute flaccid paralysis surveillance is the gold standard for detecting cases of poliomyelitis. However, the use of oral polio vaccine opv in intensified pulse polio immunization ippi or pulse polio campaigns is targeted toward children in the age range of 05 years. Difference between flaccid and spastic paralysis compare. Paralysis is a symptom of a wide variety of physical and emotional disorders rather than a disease in itself. Dec 02, 2012 acute flaccid paralysis finalmbbspart2. Acute flaccid paralysis afp is a clinical syndrome which has many infectious and noninfectious causes. Eradication of poliomyelitis is attained through widespread immunization, and vigilant surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis afp, reinforced with. Acute flaccid paralysis afp is an abnormal condition characterized by the weakening or the loss of muscle tone. Acute flaccid paralysis occurs due to damage to the peripheral neuron in any part of it. This article describes the results of surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis afp in china during the final phase of the eradication effort. Feb 08, 2015 all patients with acute flaccid paralysis should be reported to surveillance medical officer of world health organization. Pioneered in the americas during the late 1980s 2, 3, afp surveillance is conducted in 194 member states of the who. Flaccid paralysis of the dorsiflexors, in the absence of any significant increase in plantarflexor tone, results in a dropfoot that is a problem principally in swing phase on stairs and inclines or when navigating over obstacles.

Surveillance indicators acute flaccid paralysis afp surveillance. Flaccid paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause e. Surveillance of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in finland. Poliomyelitis was the most important cause, but since it has declined other causes. What is acute flaccid myelitis, the poliolike paralyzing disease. Paralytic disease due to enterovirus and mumps virus occur sporadically. Acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children with. This syndrome in a child in fall 2014 was associated with enterovirus c105 infection. There is no treatment for polio, but many people are vaccinated. Acute flaccid paralysis is defined as sudden onset of weakness paralysis in a person of any age in whom polio is suspected. Acute flaccid paralysis afp is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden onset of weakness of a limb, described as flaccid in a child below 15 years of age afp mimics the clinical presentation of poliomyelitis, hence afp surveillance was adopted globally as a key strategy for monitoring the. They believe that polio never really disappeared because vaccines dont really work and that polio was simply renamed to, you guessed it, acute flaccid paralysis. The acute flaccid paralysis afp surveillance data that the authors have used include reported cases of the 015 year age group and the rates are calculated forthwith. A form for immediate notification of acute flaccid paralysis, form 1 37 a case investigation form for acute flaccid paralysis, form 2 28 a laboratory request reporting form for submission of stool specimen, form 3 40 a form for 60day followup examination of afp case, form 4 41 a form for final classification of afp case, form 5 41.

Afp mimics the clinical presentation of poliomyelitis, hence afp surveillance was adopted globally as a key strategy for monitoring the progress of the polio. Jan 07, 2012 the key difference between flaccid and spastic paralysis is that in flaccid paralysis, muscles cannot contract and stay weak and floppy while, in spastic paralysis, muscles stay in contraction, and it is too rigid. Isolated facial palsy isolated bulbar palsy unproved hypokalemia neck flop floppy. Who recommends that surveillance of patients with acute flaccid paralysis afp be used to demonstrate the eradication of wild poliovirus. Acute flaccid paralysis is commonly characterized by weakness or paralysis of one limb or one arm.

This leads to difficulty clearing the ground with the affected leg, with adoption of compensatory strategies such as. A case of afp with residual paralysis, died or lost to follow up, and for whom stool specimens were either not taken, or were inadequate. The term flaccid indicates the absence of spasticity or other signs of disordered central nervous system motor tracts such as hyperreflexia, clonus, or extensor plantar. Clinical management of acute flaccid paralysis acute flaccid myelitis afpafm. Myths about polio and acute flaccid paralysis vaxopedia. Acute flaccid paralysis, acute flaccid myelitis, enterovirus d68, united. Acute flaccid paralysis is defined as weakness in one or more limbs, or the respiratory or bulbar muscles, resulting from damaged lower motor neurones. A weekly reporting form, including acute flaccid paralysis, form 9 45 a monthly reporting forms, including acute flaccid paralysis and polio cases, form 10 46 a weekly active surveillance form, form 11 47 a form to monitor completeness and timeliness of weekly reports received, form 12 49 6 tables 50. Dr nor azni yahaya jabatan kesihatan negeri kelantan. Screening of cases of acute flaccid paralysis for poliomyelitis. The presence of this virus strain in north america may pose a diagnostic challenge. Ruling out poliovirus in cases of acute flaccid paralysis. An approach to diagnosis ak yadav, p bhattarai, b ar yal, pp gupta, s chaudhari, a yada v department of general pra ctice and emergency medicine.

Mar, 2015 guillainbarre syndrome it is an acute idiopathic acquired inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The main requirement is that the user cant feel a thing in his or her paralyzed muscles. Jan 03, 20 the surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis afp is a key strategy for monitoring the progress of poliomyelitis eradication and is a sensitive measure for detecting potential cases of poliomyelitis and poliovirus infection. This abnormal condition may be caused by disease or by trauma affecting the nerves associated with the involved muscles. The term flaccid indicates the absence of spasticity or other signs of disordered central nervous system motor tracts such as hyperreflexia, clonus, or extensor plantar responses. Mar 05, 20 acute flaccid paralysis afp is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden onset of weakness of a limb, described as flaccid reduced tone in a child below 15 years of age. Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance systems for expansion to. It doesnt usually affect both limbs at the same time. The rise stimulator was designed specifically for this condition. Children with flaccid paralysis will have reduced muscle tone without any obvious cause such as trauma.

Acute flaccid paralysis and its differential diagnosis in in. An outbreak of acute flaccid paralysis among children in the united states during summer 2014 was tentatively associated with enterovirus d68 infection. Acute flaccid paralysis afp may be caused by a number of agents including enterovirus, echovirus or adenovirus. Rapid onset of weakness or paralysis, characterized as flaccid without other obvious causes e. Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its. Acute flaccid paralysis canadian paediatric society. Chapter 34 acute flaccid paralysis pathophysiology and clinical presentations,226 226 further reading,228 acute.

Acute transverse myelitis bilateral motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction resulting from the involvement of both halves of the spinal cord in the absence of pre existing neurologic or systemic disease. Clinical management of acute flaccid paralysis acute flaccid myelitis. Acute flaccid paralysis how is acute flaccid paralysis. Enterovirus 71 ev71 infection is now considered an. Active surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis world health. Acute flaccid paralysis and its differential diagnosis in.

Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance a laboratory perspective. Acute flaccid paralysis afp is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid onset of weakness due to various conditions and the term flaccid indicates lack of corticospinal tract signs on. Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with west nile virus infection mississippi and louisiana, julyaugust 2002 west nile virus wnv infection can cause severe, potentially fatal neurologic illnesses including encephalitis and meningitis 1,2. Every case of afp within the last 6 months has to be reported additionally, other conditions which need notification are. Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with west nile. Coupled with a laboratory network and data management system, surveillance for afp allows for detection of cases of polio disease wherever. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies.